1. Moisture absorption properties of fibers
When textile fibers are placed in the air, they will continuously exchange water vapor with the air. That is, the textile fibers continuously absorb water vapor in the air and at the same time release water vapor into the air.
The ability of textile fibers to absorb or release water vapor is called the hygroscopicity of the fiber. Hygroscopicity is one of the important physical properties of textile fibers.
The hygroscopicity of textile fibers has a certain impact on the shape, size, weight, and physical and mechanical properties of textile fibers, which also affects their processing and use performance.
The moisture absorption capacity of textile fibers also directly affects the wearing comfort of the fabric. Fibers with high hygroscopicity can easily absorb sweat discharged by the human body, regulate body temperature, relieve dampness and stuffiness, and make people feel comfortable. Therefore, attention should be paid to the hygroscopic properties of fibers in commercial trade, fiber performance testing, textile processing and textile selection.
Among the common textile fibers, wool, linen, viscose fiber, silk, cotton, etc. have strong moisture absorption capacity, while synthetic fibers generally have poor moisture absorption capacity. Among them, vinylon and nylon have slightly better moisture absorption capacity, acrylic fiber has worse moisture absorption capacity, and polyester has better moisture absorption capacity. Poor, polypropylene and chlorine fiber have almost no moisture absorption.
Currently, often combines synthetic fibers with poor moisture absorption capabilities with natural fibers or viscose with strong moisture absorption capabilities. Fiber blends to improve the moisture absorption capacity of textiles.
Among the hygroscopic properties of fibers, in addition to hygroscopicity, the water absorption of fiber materials is also closely related to the wearing comfort of fabrics. The water absorption of fibers refers to the ability of fibers to absorb liquid water.
2. Fiber machinery Performance
The various deformation properties of textile fibers under the action of various external forces are called the mechanical properties of textile fibers. External forces include tension, compression, bending, torsion, friction and other forms.
The mechanical properties of textile fibers should include fiber strength, elongation, elasticity, wear resistance, elastic modulus, etc.
The strength of fiber:The strength of fiber refers to the resistance of fiber The ability to be damaged by external forces largely determines the durability of textile products.
Abrasion resistance of fibers: The processing and actual use of fibers and their products During the process, wear is caused by constant friction. The wear resistance of the fiber refers to the fiber’s ability to withstand external wear. The abrasion resistance of fibers is closely related to the fastness of their textile products. The quality of wear resistance is an important indicator of the wearing performance of clothing fabrics. The wear resistance of fiber is related to the macromolecular structure, supramolecular structure, elongation at break, elasticity and other factors of the fiber.
The order of wear resistance of common fibers is as follows:
nylon>polypropylene>vinyl>ethylene>polyester>acrylic>chloropropyl>wool>silk>cotton>linen>rich fiber>cupro fiber> Viscose > Acetate > Fiberglass.
3. Fiber resistance Chemical properties
The linear density of fibers and yarns has many expressions The form is generally expressed by indirect indicators proportional to the cross-sectional area of the yarn. Commonly used indicators include Tex (number), metric count, imperial count, denier, etc.
5. Commonly used fibers Features
(1) Natural fiber:
- COTTON (cotton):Sweat-absorbent and soft.
- LINEN (hemp): Easy to wrinkle, straight and breathable after finishing, and more expensive.
- RAMIE (ramie): is a kind of linen material with thick yarn. It is usually used for curtain cloth or sofa cloth. If it is used for clothing, it is usually Mixed with hemp.
- WOOL (wool): The wool is relatively thin and not easy to pill.
- LAMRSWOO (little wool):The wool is thicker, generally similar to
- ANCYLIC (polyacrylic acid fiber)Mixed to prevent clothing from deforming easily.
- MOHAIR (mohair): Puffy and warm.
- CASHMERE (Kashmir goat cashmere):The fibers are finer, light and soft, and comfortable to the touch.
- ANGOLA (Angora goat hair or rabbit hair):The wool is thin and loose, feels smooth and elastic, and the price is higher.
- SILK (silk): Soft, with a beautiful luster and great absorbency.
(2) Chemical fiber:
- RAYON (rayon):Very light and soft, mostly used in COLLECTION shirts.
- POLYESTER (polyester fiber):Similar to rayon, easy to handle, not easy to wrinkle after ironing, and cheap.
- SPANDEX (stretchable nylon):It is elastic in itself. Most fabrics mixed with cotton only need to contain 5%-10%, which already has great elasticity. , making the clothes less likely to deform and fade, and the price is higher
- NYLON (nylon): Completely airtight and hard to the touch, suitable for windbreakers. Mixed with wool to make clothes stiffer.
