Moist heat comfort is the most important factor in clothing comfort One of the aspects, it is also an important indicator reflecting the new concept of healthy and comfortable life. This article introduces the development status of moisture-wicking and quick-drying fibers related to hygrothermal comfort, and focuses on analyzing the processing methods of hygrothermal comfort fabrics to provide a basis for the development of functional textiles.
1. Research progress on moisture-conducting and quick-drying fibers
The research and development of moisture-conducting and quick-drying fibers is mainly achieved through physical modification and chemical modification. Physical modification refers to Change the shape of the spinneret micropores and spin special-shaped fibers with grooves on the surface. Using the capillary principle, the fibers can quickly transport, diffuse and evaporate water, quickly remove moisture and sweat from the skin surface, and discharge it to the outside. Layer evaporation; or use blending spinning or composite spinning methods with polymers containing hydrophilic groups (hydroxyl, amide, carboxyl, amino, etc.) to produce fibers with moisture-conducting and quick-drying properties, chemical modification It is through the method of graft copolymerization that hydrophilic groups are introduced into the macromolecular structure, thereby increasing the moisture absorption and quick-drying performance of the fiber.
1. Physical modification
Physics Modification includes three methods: changing the spinneret shape, raw material blending spinning and two-component composite spinning·
(1) Change spray Hole shape
DuPont developed high moisture conductivity four-groove polyester Coolmax fiber; Japan’s Toyobo Company developed Y-shaped cross-section polyester “Triacotr”, three moisture-conducting grooves are formed on the surface of the fiber; Far East Textile has developed Topcool moisture-conducting and quick-drying fiber; Guangdong Zhujiang Jinfang Group has developed moisture-conducting and dry polyester filament by changing the cross-sectional shape of the fiber. Due to the surface area The increase and capillary effect greatly improve the moisture conduction performance; Jiangsu Yizheng Chemical Fiber Co., Ltd. passed the fiber ”
H” cross-section shape design produces Coolbest fiber; Taiwan Zhongxing Textile Co., Ltd. produces Y-shaped and cross-shaped cross-section “Coolplus”
Taiwan Haojie Company developed Technofine fiber with W-shaped cross-section; Donghua Haitian Company produced coolDry; Shunde Golden Textile Group and Donghua University cooperated to develop a fiber with a cross-section shape of “+”
‘Coolnice moisture-wicking polyester fiber.
(2) Raw material blend spinning
The high moisture absorption and release polyurethane fiber developed by Japan’s Asahi Kasei Company has the characteristics of large moisture absorption and fast moisture discharge. It can quickly release steam and sweat outwards to maintain comfort. The polyester hollow WELLKEY fiber developed by Teijin Corporation of Japan has many pores that penetrate inside and outside. Liquid water can penetrate from the fiber surface into the hollow parts. Wang Rui et al. combined conventional PET slices with an easily hydrolyzable polyester (EHDPET) slice to
Blending and spinning are carried out at a ratio of 85/15~80/20 to produce a blended fiber with hollow micropores and a concave and convex surface structure. The “Sipulun” fiber developed by the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences is an ultra-fine fiber with a unique wicking effect, but the moisture regain is only 0.03%. Due to the increased surface area of the fabric and the fineness, the gaps between the single fibers The gap is very small, so the high-density fabric does not need to be waterproofed and has better waterproof and moisture-permeable functions.
(3) Two-component composite spinning
Use twin-screw composite spinning of polyester and other hydrophilic polymers to study new moisture-absorbing and sweat-wicking fibers with special-shaped cross-sections in the form of skin-core composites to improve their water absorption and appearance. Hydrophilic materials are used as cores. Layer, conventional polyester is used as the skin layer, and the two components play the roles of hydrophilic moisture absorption and moisture conduction respectively. A new type of high moisture absorption and release property developed by Japan’s Unichka CompanyThe warmth retention and dryness of the inner layer of polyester fabric are better than those of fabrics with both inner and outer layers made of cotton fiber. Compared with fabrics constructed only of ordinary yarns with hydrophilic properties, they have obvious moisture-wicking and quick-drying effects, and when the surface is hydrophobic When the fiber content is 30%, the fabric has the best sweat-absorbing and drying properties.
② The inner and outer layers are made of synthetic fibers of different specifications
This fabric is made of synthetic fibers. The inner and outer layers are made of hydrophobic fibers of different specifications or types. Its water absorption mechanism is completely different from that of natural fibers. It achieves one-way moisture conduction by shaping the difference in capillary effect between the inner and outer layers. This phenomenon is also known as the cedar effect. Usually, the surface layer is composed of fine fibers and the inner layer is composed of thick fibers. Since the capillary additional pressure constructed by the surface fibers is greater than that of the inner layer, there is an additional pressure difference between the surface layer and the inner layer, which is conducive to the transfer of sweat from the inner layer to the fabric surface. Transfer and evaporate to the environment through the outer layer, keeping the inner surface of the fabric relatively dry, making the human body feel dry and comfortable. Airfine produced by Toray Corporation of Japan
Field Sensor multi-layer knitted fabric is a typical representative of this kind of structure. It can quickly absorb human body sweat and spread it from the inner layer to the surface layer. Its moisture absorption and quick drying ability is the best example of sweat-absorbent knitted fabric Field
2 times the Sensor, commonly used in sportswear, medical care clothing, work clothes, etc.
③ Composite structural fabric with wick-shaped absorption points
The fabric is a new type of composite layer structure knitted fabric with a high sweat transfer rate. The fabric is also composed of 2 layers, the so-called hydrophobic exudation layer (inner layer) and the absorption layer (outer layer). And it is compounded with the exudation layer through many connection points. The connection points are composed of yarns and appear as lights
Core-shaped, distributed in the fabric in a predetermined order. These connection points contain hydrophilic fibers (such as cotton fibers) and run through the inner and outer layers of the fabric.
Bnro Knitting Research Institute in the Czech Republic uses V-LEC4BS from Fukuhara, Japan
Computer jacquard double-sided weft knitting has developed a variety of natural colored cotton wick point structure stacked fabrics and conventional air layer structure fabrics. The double-sided fabric developed by Hou Qiuping has an inner layer of polyester and polyester-cotton blended yarn and a top layer of brown colored cotton. The wick point distribution density is designed to be 50%, 25%, and
The moisture conductivity test results of three kinds of fabrics with 12.5% show that when the materials of the inner and outer layers of the fabric are exactly the same, the smaller the density of wick points, the better the moisture conductivity of the fabric. Gu Zhaowen et al. used H-shaped cross-section moisture-absorbing and quick-drying polyester fiber and colored cotton fiber to design a wick point structure moisture-wicking and quick-drying functional knitted fabric with a high transfer rate, and studied the effect of hydrophilic finishing on fabric performance. The results proved , when the raw materials of the inner and outer layers of the fabric are exactly the same, the smaller the wick point density, the better the permeability and drying performance of the fabric; after the fabric is hydrophilically treated, the permeability performance decreases, and the moisture conduction and quick-drying performance of the fabric decreases, indicating that this type of fabric Not suitable for hydrophilic treatment.
3. Conclusion
The moisture and heat transfer performance of clothing is an important factor in maintaining the balance of moisture and heat in the human body and making people feel comfortable. If human sweat cannot pass through the fabric smoothly, there will be microscopic contact between the human skin and clothing. As the humidity and temperature in the climate zone increase, the surface of the human skin is wrapped in high temperature and sweat, which will cause people to feel stuffy. Therefore, it is particularly necessary to process the fabrics for moisture absorption and dryness.
Although people favor natural fibers and natural fiber clothing occupies the mainstream in clothing consumption, natural fibers still have certain limitations, such as cotton fabrics that shed moisture Slowly, the moisture squeezes out the air inside the fabric, reducing the thermal insulation of the fabric, resulting in a cold feeling. At this time, the pure cotton fabric does not have good heat and humidity comfort; silk is very soft, has a large contact area with human skin, and can be absorbed instantly There is a lot of heat, so silk clothing feels cool when you first put it on. However, silk fabric is light and thin. Once it absorbs sweat, it immediately sticks to the body and feels wet. Therefore, if silk fabric is not specially treated, there will still be problems when wearing it in summer. In this regard, it is necessary to carry out moisture-wicking and quick-drying finishing on natural fiber fabrics such as cotton and silk. Oil is widely used in cotton fabrics, so the moisture-wicking and quick-drying finishing of cotton products is more important.
The moisture-wicking and quick-drying finishing of fiber fabrics is widely used in cotton fabrics, so the moisture-wicking and quick-drying finishing of cotton products is even more important.
