Composite fiber is two or more polymer melts, which are divided by a special distribution plate and extruded through the same spinneret.
There are hundreds of varieties of composite fibers, and there are many classification methods. According to the production method, they can be divided into composite spinning and blended spinning. According to the spinning form, there are 5 commonly used types: co-spinning type, Parallel type, skin-core type, split type, island type.
Polyester/nylon composite fiber, which not only has the advantages of nylon’s wear resistance, high strength, easy dyeing, and moisture absorption, but also has the good elasticity of polyester. , good shape retention, stiffness, and no need to iron.
Generally, composite spinning is mainly composed of polyester and nylon, with orange-shaped, rice-shaped and other special-shaped cross-sections. It has good hygroscopicity and is mainly used in cleaning products, home textiles, etc.
In addition, the low melting point, flame retardant, antistatic and conductive functions of many fibers are also achieved through the special structure of composite spinning.
Polyester-nylon composite ultrafine fiber takes advantage of the chemical structure differences between PET and PA, and their weak interface binding force and can be separated from each other Characteristics, it is melt-spun at a certain ratio during the production process.
Usually, antibacterial microfibers add antibacterial agents to chemical fibers in the form of blends or masterbatch additions to obtain durable antibacterial effects.
Compared with antibacterial finishing technology, antibacterial fiber has good antibacterial effect and is durable. The fabric weaving, dyeing and finishing processes are simple, the fiber does not adhere to resin, and the finished fabric has a good feel.
However, this method is highly technical and difficult, especially requiring high antibacterial agents. In addition, most organic antibacterial agents are not resistant to high temperatures and are difficult to use in melt spinning.
Inorganic antibacterial agents, such as antibacterial phosphates, glass, ceramics, oxides, etc., have unique high temperature resistance properties. They mainly work through the absorption of metal ions such as silver, copper, and zinc contained in them. Antibacterial effect, achieving antibacterial and deodorizing effect.
Relevant domestic companies have applied a mixture of silver-containing inorganic phosphates and metal oxide antibacterial agents to the production of polyester-nylon composite microfibers , using the production technology of blending antibacterial masterbatch and fiber chips to produce antibacterial polyester-nylon composite microfiber and antibacterial fabrics.
In addition, for polyester and nylon composite filament antibacterial microfibers, the specific surface area of the single fiber is not only large. Moreover, the difference is also very large, which makes it easier to cause differences in dyeing speed, and the result is easy to dye flowers.
Therefore, control the dyeing rate It is one of the keys to dyeing microfibers with disperse dyes. When no leveling agent is added, the dyeing curves of different disperse dyes are quite different, resulting in dyeing flowers and color differences during dyeing. If the transfer effect of disperse dyes is not obvious, these defects will not be overcome.
After adding leveling agent, It can make the dyeing curves of different disperse dyes closer. This is very important when dyeing in color combinations.
Researchers have found that an important way for leveling agents to improve the dyeing performance of microfibers is by improving the dyeing curves of disperse dyes, reducing the differences between the dyeing curves of different disperse dyes, and thereby improving the dyes. compatibility between them. This is very important for color matching dyeing, because when the dyeing rate of disperse dyes used for color matching becomes basically the same, it can ensure the same color gradient, reduce the chance of color difference, and the dyeing reproducibility will be better.
The antibacterial material uses inorganic antibacterial agent (a mixture of phosphate and metal oxide containing 3% silver, average particle size 400nm), spinning Grade resin chips are made from domestic ultra-fine denier nylon chips and domestic ultra-fine denier polyester chips.
The melt spinning method adopts the masterbatch addition method to produce melt-spun antibacterial polyester-nylon (80/20) composite ultrafine fiber. Antibacterial masterbatch is added to the polyester component at a proportion of about 2% of the base material.
The process route adopts composite fiber high-speed spinning technology and applies the POY-DTY two-step process to produce fibers with good physical and mechanical properties. The average single fiber of the fiber produced by this method is about 0.2dtex, which is equivalent to 1/5-1/10 of real silk. It can give the fabric good physical and chemical properties and has been promoted and applied in the textile cleaning products and clothing industries.
In recent years, due to excessive expansion of production capacity in the polyester and nylon composite yarn industry, the relationship between supply and demand has reversed, and the market conditions have experienced certain changes. Variety,However, as the downstream efforts to develop new products increase, polyester-nylon composite yarn still has certain room for development. For example, polyester-nylon-cotton composite fabric can not only be used to make men’s and women’s jackets, but also windbreakers. It can be said to be a marketable fabric in winter.
Polyester-nylon composite microfiber can develop its added value. For example, transfer printing on microfiber fabrics can overcome the problem of uneven coloring caused by the extremely large surface area of the fabric, and its authenticity rate is very high. The dye transfer rate is also high, and the color fastness to washing can reach level 3.
However, from the perspective of wrinkle recovery properties of microfibers, when the single fiber micronization exceeds a certain limit, it will have a negative impact.
As the single fiber becomes thinner, the comprehensive mechanical properties of the fiber also change. Therefore, when considering the miniaturization of the single fiber, a comprehensive balance must be made to ensure that the hand feel is improved to the greatest extent, so as not to lose sight of one thing or the other. When the separation degree of polyester-nylon ultra-fine denier composite yarn in the fabric is high, the fabric will feel soft, otherwise the fabric will feel rough.
Due to the differences in the properties of polyester and nylon, targeted post-processing techniques need to be developed. This is also a prerequisite for the wide application of ultra-fine polyester and nylon composite yarns.
