Introduction
Flax fiber is fiber obtained from various hemp plants, including bast fiber of the cortex of annual or perennial herbaceous dicotyledonous plants and leaf fiber of monocotyledonous plants. Flax was gradually introduced to Europe from Egypt, making Europe Become a Asian An important producing area of linen. Linen fiber is a moist fiber obtained from plant stems or leaves. The fiber is long and thick, and has uneven thickness. Linen fiber is a cellulose fiber and can be divided according to its properties. There are two major categories. One is peeled from the leaves or sheaths of plants. The tube fibers are thick and hard in texture, such as sisal, hemp, etc. Due to their strong moisturizing power and strong water resistance, they are generally only used to make ropes, fishing nets, etc. The other type is moisturizing fibers taken from plant stems. The texture is relatively soft and is called soft fiber. Soft fiber is also made of wood. The texture varies depending on the content of lignin. The texture containing more lignin is relatively rough and suitable for making sacks, ropes, etc., while the texture containing less wood is soft and can be used as textile raw materials, such as flax. Ramie etc.
The chemical composition of hemp fiber is mainly cellulose, and also contains colloid, waterDivided into woody, waxy, etc.
Main performance
1. Length and line density
The single fiber lengths of hemp fiber are: ramie is 50~120mm long, flax is 17~25mm long, jute is 2~4mm long, and kenaf is 2~6mm long. The single fiber linear density of hemp fiber is: ramie is about 0.91～0.4tex, linen is 0.2 About 9tex, the single fiber width of jute is about 10~28mmμm. The bundle fibers obtained after initial processing of flax are then combed to become craft fibers suitable for spinning requirements. The degree of degumming is related to the number of times of combing.
2.Stretch Flexibility and elasticity
Linen fiber is a fiber with high strength and small elongation among natural fibers. The breaking length of ramie can reach 40~55km, while the breaking length of ramie, flax and jute is 2%~4%, 3% and 3% respectively. About 3%, the singleness of hemp fiber is poor, and hemp fabric clothing is easy to wrinkle.
3. Hygroscopicity
Linen fiber has strong hygroscopicity. Among them, jute has the highest hygroscopicity. The moisture regain rate can reach 14 under normal atmospheric conditions. About %. In addition, hemp fiber absorbs and dissipates moisture quickly, so its fabrics are cool and comfortable to wear in summer.
4. Acid and alkali resistance
Like cotton, hemp fiber is more resistant to alkali than acid. In concentrated sulfuric acid, ramie will swell and dissolve.
5. Other properties
Linen fiber has a high initial modulus, a rough feel, and good sunlight resistance and electrical insulation. However, the heat resistance of ramie and flax is not as good as cotton fiber.
Type
There are two categories: bast fiber and leaf fiber, so hemp fiber is the general name of bast fiber and leaf fiber.
Bast fiber:Fibers clustered into bundles inside the phloem layer of dicotyledonous plant stems. Such as: ramie, flax , jute, hemp, mulberry, nettle, apocynum, etc.
Leaf fiber:Vascular fibers in the leaf sheaths and leaves of monocotyledonous plants, such as sisal and abaca , pineapple hemp, etc.
There are quite a lot of plant species belonging to the hemp family, and there are more than ten kinds used for textiles. Ramie and flax among the bast fibers are excellent hemp species. Their fibers are not lignified, have high strength and small elongation. They are soft, slender, and have good spinnability, making them a good material for weaving summer clothing. The fabrics woven with them are stiff, sweat-absorbent, breathable, and cool.
Jute, hemp, kenaf and other fibers are thicker and shorter, suitable for packaging materials: sacks, hemp ropes, etc.
For leaf fibers, the varieties with practical economic value are mainly: sisal and abaca. This type of fiber is relatively thick and hard, also called hard fiber. Because the fiber cell wall has been lignified, the length is longer. , small elongation, good strength , corrosion-resistant, resistant to seawater immersion, often used to make ropes for ships and mines, and can also be made into burlap bags or packaging cloth. With the emergence of synthetic fibers, hemp ropes are gradually being replaced. This type of fiber is rarely used in textiles. , so no further introduction will be given here.
The use of flax fiber has a history of thousands of years in China. Ramie fiber was used as a textile raw material (Chinese grass) before 4000 BC. The Egyptians have used flax fiber for 8000 years. , linen was used much earlier than cotton, and linen spinning equipment is relatively close to wool spinning equipment
Features
Linen fiber has advantages that other fibers cannot match: it has good moisture absorption and breathability functions, fast heat conduction, coolness and stiffness, does not stick to the body when sweating, light texture, strong Large, insect-proof and mildew-proof, less static electricity, fabricNot easy to pollute, soft and generous in tone, rough, suitable for the excretion and secretion of human skin. Its ultraviolet shielding function and antibacterial function have been tested and identified by my country’s authoritative institutions. However, due to its poor elasticity, poor wrinkle resistance and abrasion resistance, and its irritating and itchy feeling, the development of hemp fiber varieties has been limited. However, with the development of various pre-processing and post-processing technologies, some of its natural defects have been greatly improved. Research shows that among many textile fibers, hemp fiber is a natural fiber with potential functions. Hemp fiber has always been one of the important textile fibers in China and enjoys a high reputation in the world.
Usage features: 1. No environmental pollution, improve the mixing performance of the mixture. It is an excellent substitute for asbestos fiber. 2. The price is only 1/30 of that of aramid fiber. 3. It can improve the mixing performance of inorganic fibers in asbestos substitutes. . Reduce the amount of aramid fiber and reduce the cost of asbestos-free friction.
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