The characteristics of the fiber determine its quality characteristics and its suitability for specific application conditions . Standard tests and laboratory testing are generally used to measure and compare fiber properties.
1. Wear fastness
Abrasion fastness refers to the ability to resist wearing friction. Helps improve the durability of fabrics. Clothing made from fibers with high breaking strength and good abrasion resistance will last for a long time without showing signs of wear.
Nylon is widely used in sports outerwear, such as ski jackets and football shirts. This Because its strength and abrasion resistance are particularly good.Ester fibers are often used as linings for outerwear and jackets due to their excellent drapeability and low cost. But because acetate has poor abrasion resistance, the lining is prone to fraying or forming holes before the outer fabric of the jacket shows corresponding wear.
2. Water absorption
Water absorption is the ability to absorb moisture, which is usually expressed by moisture regain. The water absorption of fiber refers to the dry fiber air under standard conditions of temperature 70℉ (equivalent to 21℃) and relative humidity of 65% The percentage of water absorbed in the text.
Fibers that absorb water easily are called hydrophilic fibers. All natural animal and plant fibers and two man-made fibers – viscose and acetate are hydrophilic fibers. Those that have difficulty absorbing water or can only absorb it Fibers with a small amount of moisture are called hydrophobic fibers. Except for viscose, Lyocell and acetate, all man-made fibers do not absorb water at all, and other fibers usually have a moisture regain of 4% or less. Rate.
The water absorption of fiber affects its many applications, including:
Skin comfort: Due to poor water absorption, the flow of sweat can cause cold and wet skin Feel.
Static:With hydrophobic fibers problems such as clothing sticking and sparking can occur because there is little moisture to aid evacuation Charged particles and dust accumulated on the fiber surface are also brought to the fiber due to static electricity and adhere to it. box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;”>Dimensional stability after washing:After washing, hydrophobic fibers shrink less than hydrophilic fibers, and the fibers rarely expand, which is one of the reasons for fabric shrinkage.
Stain removal:It is easy to remove stains from hydrophilic fibers because the fibers absorb detergent and water at the same time.
Water repellency:Hydrophilic fibers usually undergo more water repellent durability post-treatment because this chemical treatment can make these fibers water repellentbetter.
Wrinkle recovery:Hydrophobic fibers generally have better wrinkle recovery, especially after laundering, because they do not absorb water, do not swell and dry in the wrinkled state.
3. Chemical effects
During textile processing (such as printing and dyeing, finishing) and home/professional care or cleaning (such as using soap, bleaching powder and dry cleaning solvents, etc.), fibers generally need to come into contact with chemicals. Types of chemicals and intensity of action and the time of action determines the degree of impact on fibers. It is important to understand the impact of chemicals on different fibers as it is directly related to the care required during cleaning.
Fibers react differently to chemicals. For example, cotton fibers have relatively low resistance to acids and alkalis. is good. In addition, cotton fabrics will lose a little strength after being treated with chemical resin.
4. Coverage
Coverage refers to the ability to fill a certain range. Thick or curly fibers provide better coverage than textiles made from fine, straight fibers. The fabrics are warm, full to the touch, and require less fiber Ready to weave.
Wool is a fiber widely used in winter clothing because its curl provides excellent coverage to the fabric and creates a large amount of still air in the fabric, which insulates the cold air from the outside. And The effectiveness of fiber covering depends on its cross-sectional shape, longitudinal construction and weight
5. Flexibility
Elasticity refers to the ability to increase length under tension (extension) and return to the rock state (recovery) after releasing external force. The elongation when external force acts on the fiber or fabric can make the clothes feel more comfortable. And the seam stress caused is also relatively small. It also has a tendency to increase the breaking strength, which can help the fabric sagging in the elbow tunnel or knee, thereby preventing the garment from sagging.
Fibers that can stretch at least 100% are called elastic fibers. Spandex fiber (also known as Spandex fiber) Called Lycra (called spandex in my country) and rubber fibers, these elastic fibers can almost return to their original length after being stretched.
6. Environmental conditions
Environmental conditions have different effects on fibers. Fibers and final fabrics How it reacts to exposure, storage, etc. is very important. Here are some examples:
Wool garments need to be protected from insects when stored because they are easily eaten by wool borers.
Nylon and silk lose strength when exposed to sunlight for a long time, so they are not usually used to make curtains, doors and windows.
Cotton fiber is easily moldy, so it cannot be stored in a humid environment for a long time.
7. Flammability
Flammability refers to the ability of an object to ignite or burn. This is an important feature because people’s lives are always surrounded by various textiles. We know that clothing or indoor furniture can cause serious injuries to consumers and cause significant material losses due to their flammability.
Fibers are usually classified as flammable, Non-flammable, flame-retardant:
Flammable fibers are fibers that are easily ignited and will continue to burn.
Non-flammable fibers refer to fibers that have a relatively high burning point, a relatively slow burning speed, and will extinguish themselves after the combustion source is removed.
Flame-retardant fiber means that it will not be Burning fiber.
Flammable fibers can be trimmed or changed Fiber parameters are used to make flame retardant fibers. For example, regular polyester is flammable, but Trevira polyester is treated to make it flame retardant.
8. Softness
Softness refers to the ability of fibers to bend repeatedly without breaking. Soft fibers such as acetate can support fabrics and clothing with good drape. Rigid fibers such as glass fiber cannot be used to make clothing. , but can be used on fabrics that need to be relatively stiff. Generally, the finer the fiber, the better the drape.
allPipes often require fabrics with good drape, but sometimes stiffer fabrics are also required. For example, on a garment with a cape (the garment hangs over the shoulders and turns outward), use stiffer fabrics to achieve the desired shape.
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