Viscose fiber has some very similar characteristics to natural cotton fiber, such as good hygroscopicity, easy dyeing, not prone to static electricity, and good spinnability. Short fiber can be spun purely or blended with other fibers. The fabric has the advantages of softness, smoothness, good air permeability, comfortable wearing, bright color and high color fastness after dyeing. Viscose filament fabric is light and thin and can be woven into quilt covers, knitted clothing and decorative fabrics. It is widely used in home textiles.
Keywords: viscose filament, dye, fabric
1. Introduction
In 2003, the Global Asthma Strategy (GINA) Committee proposed that there were an estimated 300 million asthma patients worldwide. In 2000, the prevalence of asthma in children in my country was 0.5-3%. It is initially estimated that there are about 10 million children with asthma in China, and a total of about 25 million in the country. Asthma patients, and in 2000, the prevalence of asthma among children in 27 cities in China increased by about 70% compared with 1990. In some big cities, the number has more than doubled.
A long time ago, people would sneeze and have runny noses when exposed to house dust on bookcases or suitcases. We knew that house dust could cause allergic reactions, but we never knew what the main allergen was. It was not until 1969 that we learned about house dust. The main allergens are mites. Mites are organisms that are very harmful to human health. They can transmit viruses and bacteria, and can cause bronchial asthma, rhinitis, dermatitis, folliculitis, scabies and other diseases. According to data, 60% of asthma patients will have allergic reactions to dust mites, and about 80% of children’s asthma is caused by dust mite allergy. Asthma has a high incidence rate in our country and is the second largest respiratory disease. A large number of foreign clinical studies have also found that there is a close correlation between family exposure to dust mite allergens in early childhood and children who later develop asthma.
Dust mites are creatures similar to spiders and head lice. They are only one-third of a millimeter in length and cannot be seen with the naked eye. Dust mites do not bite, but they are everywhere, such as mattresses, carpets, curtains, clothes, and even children’s stuffed toys, which may be places where mites breed. The main ones closely related to human allergic diseases are Dermatophagoides Pteronyssinus, D. Farinae and Euroglyphus Maynei. The bed is an important place for people to rest (1/3 of their lives are spent in bed. The mattress in the home is a big source of mites, because the mattress is the best environment to provide warmth, moisture and food sources. An ordinary used There are 100,000 to 10 million mites in a mattress. 10% of the weight of a two-year-old pillow is dead dust mites and dust mite feces.
In people’s daily lives, they are inevitably exposed to a variety of bacteria, fungi and other microorganisms, and textiles are a good place for these microorganisms to live and are also a source of disease transmission. Microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi can cause local purulent inflammation, systemic infection, food poisoning, scalded skin syndrome, staphylococcal enteritis, intestinal infection, skin and mucosal infection, visceral infection, central nervous system infection and other symptoms.
Textile fabrics with antibacterial functions play an extremely important role in preventing the invasion of germs. Daily necessities made with antibacterial functional textile fabrics have gradually attracted people’s attention. With the development of science and technology, they have radiated widely and deeply into the details of life. middle.
Fibers or textiles can play two roles after antibacterial treatment: First, they protect people who use textiles. If antibacterial textiles can kill Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, urea-decomposing bacteria and other bacteria and fungi, they can prevent infectious diseases. spread; prevent the odor of underwear and socks; prevent the reproduction of athlete’s foot on socks; prevent babies from developing erythema due to diapers; improve the immunity of the elderly and patients; and can prevent cross-infection (i.e. MRSA infection) in the hospital. The second is to prevent fiber damage. Because it can kill various molds such as Aspergillus niger, Chaetomium globus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Penicillium citrifolia, it can prevent fiber materials from discoloration, brittleness and mildew during storage of textiles.
Viscose fiber has some very similar characteristics to natural cotton fiber, such as good hygroscopicity, easy dyeing, not prone to static electricity, and good spinnability. Short fibers can be spun purely or blended with other fibers. The fabrics have the advantages of softness, smoothness, good air permeability, comfortable wearing, bright color after dyeing, and high color fastness. Viscose filament fabric is light and thin and can be woven into quilt covers, knitted clothing and decorative fabrics. It is widely used in home textiles.
After research in recent years, our company has successfully developed a series of special anti-mite and antibacterial agent products suitable for viscose fibers with stable performance, high efficiency, long-lasting and safety. The above-mentioned anti-dust mite anti-bacterial agent and viscose are blended and spun to obtain viscose fibers with both anti-dust mite and anti-bacterial properties. The dust mite-proof and antibacterial viscose filament has good spinnability. Anti-dust mite anti-bacterial viscose filament has an anti-dust mite repellent rate of 99% and an anti-bacterial rate of over 99.7%. The anti-mite performance of anti-dust mite antibacterial viscose filament is not affected by dyeing conditions, and it is a durable fiber with good water resistance. The physical and mechanical performance indicators of anti-dust mite and antibacterial viscose filament meet the first-class standard of GB/T13758-1992 standard. Fiber safe and non-irritating to skin. Viscose filament with dual functions of dust mite prevention and antibacterial has not yet been reported internationally or domestically.Tao, the product has not yet been released.
2. Technical approach to the development of anti-dust mite and antibacterial viscose filament
Dust mite-proof and antibacterial fibers and their textiles have attracted much attention from countries around the world and have become products that create business opportunities. Anti-dust mite antibacterial fibers are showing a diversified development trend. The diversity lies not only in the fiber base materials and dust mite antibacterial agents, but also in the technical approaches adopted. To summarize the current technological development status of anti-dust mite and antibacterial fibers, it can be divided into four aspects:
l Use chemical technology to graft anti-dust mite and antibacterial groups onto the reactive groups on the surface of the fiber;
l Use physical modification technology to penetrate the anti-dust mite antibacterial agent into deeper parts of the fiber surface (such as incorporating the anti-dust mite antibacterial agent into the spinning oil and spinning bath);
l During the spinning process, the dust mite anti-bacterial agent is added to the spinning solution and spun. This is the main means to develop dust mite anti-bacterial fibers;
l Composite spinning technology: For core-sheath fibers, anti-dust mite antibacterial agents can only be incorporated into the sheath layer. For juxtaposed fibers, dust mite antibacterial agents can be added to the polymer as a component of the juxtaposition.
This article uses the third method mentioned above to develop anti-dust mite and antibacterial viscose filaments.
Based on the characteristics of the production process of viscose fiber, after many tests and studies, and continuous improvement, this article developed a special anti-dust mite antibacterial agent for viscose fiber JYK VIS AMB series with stable performance, high efficiency, durability, safety and good spinnability. , it can spin both matte dust-mite-proof and anti-bacterial viscose filaments and glossy dust-mite-proof and anti-bacterial viscose filaments.
3. Anti-dust mite and anti-bacterial principle
3.1. Principle of dust mite prevention
There are two ways to prevent dust mites: one is to kill dust mites, and the other is to repel dust mites.
To kill dust mites, we use insecticides or antifungal preparations similar to pesticides to cut off the food chain of dust mites and kill them.
Dust mite repellent can be divided into smell and taste repellent. The sense of smell is the application of volatile substances, such as pheromones; the sense of taste is such as organic acids. But the most effective way to repel dust mites is to use the combined effects of smell and taste.
3.2. Antibacterial mechanism
l Interfering with cell wall synthesis: An important component of the bacterial cell wall is peptidoglycan. The interference effect of antibacterial agents on the cell wall mainly inhibits the cross-linking of polysaccharide chains and tetrapeptides, thereby causing the cell wall to lose its integrity and lose protection against osmotic pressure. Function, damage the bacteria and cause death;
l Can damage the cell membrane: The cell membrane is an important part of the life activities of bacterial cells. Therefore, if the cell membrane is damaged or destroyed, bacteria will die;
l Inhibit protein synthesis: the protein synthesis process changes, stops, and causes bacterial death;
l Interfering with the synthesis of nucleic acids: Generally speaking, it hinders the replication of genetic information, including the synthesis of DNA and RNA, and the transcription of DNA templates into mRNA, etc.
4. Experiments and methods
4.1. Process route
The development of anti-dust mite and antibacterial viscose filament is carried out on industrial viscose filament spinning machines. In order to obtain anti-dust mite anti-bacterial viscose filament with good performance, it is necessary to break through the following three technical difficulties:
l The anti-dust mite antibacterial agent itself has stable, efficient and safe performance. The anti-dust mite and antibacterial activities do not interfere with each other and are well emulsified and dispersed. The anti-dust mite antibacterial agent should be transparent and uniform;
l The performance of blending anti-dust mite antibacterial slurry and viscose is stable and uniform;
l The spinning path on the industrial production line should be as short as possible to avoid contamination of the process pipelines on the production line. It should also be flexible and can be produced at any time according to different varieties, specifications, and outputs.
The anti-dust mite anti-bacterial agent in this article can meet the above requirements. The process route uses pre-spinning glue and anti-dust mite anti-bacterial agent to be blended. It is formed through pre-spinning injection, static (dynamic) mixed spinning, and then post-processing and drying. Drying, shaping, grading, packaging, and finished product. The specific spinning process conditions are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Main spinning process indicators of dust mite-proof viscose filament
|
Serial number |
Project |
Indicators |
Remarks |
|
1 |
Viscose pulp |
Wood pulp |
|
|
2 |
Composition of spinning gum |
α-Cell: 8.15±0.02% NaOH: 6.0±0.1% |
|
|
3 |
Spun glue maturity level |
8.50-8.60 |
(10%NH4Cl) |
|
4 |
Spin glue viscosity |
33-35 seconds |
(Falling ball viscosity) |
|
5 |
Glue degassing time before spinning |
20-24h |
|
|
6 |
Vacuum degree |
0.094MPa |
|
|
7 |
Temperature during ripening |
18±1℃ |
(The degassing barrel is insulated) |
|
8 |
Relative humidity during ripening |
75±1℃) |
(The process is not required |
|
9 |
Composition of spinning coagulation bath |
Na2SO4 263±2g/L H2SO4 128±1g/L ZnSO4 12±1g/L |
|
|
10 |
Coagulation bath temperature |
50±0.5℃ |
|
|
11 |
Spinning machine model |
Type R531 |
|
The obtained spinning cake is washed, desulfurized, hydrochloric acid washed, washed again, and oiled on the leaching post-processing production line, and then dried, and the silk cake is physically inspected and made into a cylinder.
4.2. Test method
4.2.1. Physical and mechanical properties of fiber
Perform physical inspection with reference to GB/T13758-92 standard.
4.2.2. Anti-dust mite effect of fiber
The anti-dust mite performance of the fiber was tested by the Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, using the method of the Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health. The representative species of dust mites is Dermatophagoides Farinae.
4.2.3. Antibacterial properties of fiber
The antibacterial rate of the fiber was entrusted to the Shanghai Institute of Industrial Microbiology and SGS Standard Technology Shanghai Branch to be tested in accordance with the GB15979-2002 standard.
4.2.4. Safety performance of fiber
The safety performance of the fiber was entrusted to the Shanghai Product Toxicity Quality Supervision and Inspection Station affiliated to the Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention to test skin irritation in accordance with the “Technical Specifications for Disinfection” Ministry of Health 2002 standards.
5. Performance of anti-dust mite and antibacterial viscose filament
5.1. Physical and mechanical properties
The anti-dust mite and anti-bacterial viscose filament was sent to the Zhejiang Fiber Inspection Institute for inspection in accordance with the GB/T13758-92 standard. The measured physical and mechanical performance indicators are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 Physical and mechanical properties of dust-proof and antibacterial viscose fiber
|
Inspection items |
Required value |
(A1) Actual measured value |
(A2) Actual measured value |
|
Line density |
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