Characteristics and uses of hemp fiber
Data analysis of the main qualities of the above various fibers shows some basic characteristics of hemp fiber: (1) Discrete fiber characteristics. Except for ramie fiber, which is a long fiber, other hemp fibers are very short fibers. Therefore, in practice, In the semi-degumming process, the fibers are bonded and combined into longer “craft fibers” (bundles), and then used as “monomers” to form yarn, in order to obtain low-specific high-grade yarn. This is the basic process for other hemp fibers except ramie. If successfully implemented, linen can become as noble a fiber material as cashmere and silk. It is precisely based on this process that the ramie fabric technology can be divided into fine cotton (fully degummed), and the flax and other fabric technology can be divided into linen (semi degummed). (2) Morphological characteristics of fiber cross sections. All single fibers of bast fibers are single cells, slender in shape, closed at both ends, and have cell cavities. The thickness and length of their walls vary depending on the variety and maturity. There are many cross-sections. It is elliptical or polygonal, with a layered structure in the radial direction. The orientation and crystallinity are higher than cotton fiber. Therefore, hemp fiber has high strength and small elongation. Leaf fibers are porous cell bundles with irregular cross-sections formed by the growth of single cells and are not easily broken down into single cells. (3) High-strength and low-elongation fiber characteristics Generally speaking, hemp fiber is a high-strength and low-elongation fiber, with a breaking strength of 5.0~7.0cN/dtex (cotton fiber is 2.6~4.5, silk is 3.0~3.5) . This is mainly because hemp fiber is mainly bast fiber, and bast fiber is the basic skeleton of plants, with high crystallinity and orientation, and the fibrils are distributed in a layered structure along the radial direction of the fiber. For example, flax has a crystallinity of 90% and a degree of orientation of nearly 80%. Precisely because it has such a high degree of crystallinity and orientation, the hemp fiber has the lowest elongation at break among all fibers; in addition, this structural feature enables the hemp fiber to obtain a large initial modulus, which is higher than that of cotton. The fiber is 1.5~2.0 times higher than silk, 3 times higher than silk, and 8~10 times higher than wool fiber. Therefore, hemp fiber is relatively hard and does not deform easily; but at the same time, it also makes hemp fiber a fiber with poor elastic recovery rate, even if it is only 2 % deformation, the elastic recovery rate is only 48%, while when cotton fiber and wool fiber are deformed of the same size, the elastic recovery rate can reach 74% and 99%.
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