Polyester is an important variety of synthetic fibers. It is the trade name of polyester fiber in my country. It is a fiber-forming polymer made from purified terephthalic acid (PTA) or dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) and ethylene glycol (MEG) through esterification or transesterification and polycondensation reaction – Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a fiber made by spinning and post-processing.
Molecular structural formula, as shown in the figure:
From the molecular composition of polyester, it is composed of short aliphatic hydrocarbon chains, ester groups, benzene rings, and terminal alcohol hydroxyl groups. Except for the two terminal alcohol hydroxyl groups in polyester, there are no other polar groups, so the hydrophilicity of polyester fiber is extremely poor. The polyester molecule contains about 46% ester groups. The ester groups can undergo hydrolysis and thermal cracking above 200℃. When encountering strong alkali, they will be saponified, reducing the degree of polymerization. Commonly used detergents and washing powders below 100℃ have no effect on polyester. Influence.
The characteristics of polyester: high strength, good elasticity, heat resistance, insulation, abrasion resistance, and corrosion resistance are relatively good. However, dyeing The water resistance and hygroscopicity are relatively poor, but the color fastness is good and it is not easy to fade. Because there are no specific dyeing groups on the polyester molecular chain and the polarity is small, it is difficult to dye and has poor dyeability. It is difficult for dye molecules to enter the fiber. It feels stuffy when worn, and is easily charged with static electricity and contaminated with dust, which affects the performance of the fiber. Aesthetics and comfort. However, it dries very easily after washing, has almost no drop in wet strength, does not deform, and has good washable and wearable properties.
There are many types of polyester fiber fabrics. In addition to weaving pure polyester fabrics, there are also many products that are blended or interwoven with various textile fibers, making up for the The shortcomings of pure polyester fabric provide better wearing performance. Polyester fabrics are developing in the direction of natural synthetic fibers such as wool-like, silk-like, linen-like, and deerskin-like fabrics.
Advantages of polyester-cotton blends
Polyester-cotton blended fabrics and pure cotton fabrics Comparative effects: elongation (polyester-cotton blended > pure cotton); abrasion resistance (polyester-cotton blended > pure cotton); pilling (polyester-cotton blended pure cotton); transparent Moisture resistance (polyester-cotton blended＜pure cotton); breathability (polyester-cotton blended＞pure cotton).
“Polyester cotton” and “cotton polyester”, when the order of the two words is changed, they become two different fabrics.
“Polyester-cotton” (TC) fabric means that the polyester content accounts for more than 50% and the cotton content is less than 50%;
Advantages: The luster is brighter than pure cotton, the hand feels smooth and crisp, and it is not easy to wrinkle. The higher the polyester content, the less likely the fabric is to wrinkle.
Disadvantages: It is not as skin-friendly as cotton and is not as comfortable to wear as cotton fabrics.
“Cotton-polyester” (CVC) is just the opposite. It means that the cotton content is more than 50% and the polyester content is less than 50%, also known as CVC variety.
Advantages: The gloss is slightly better than pure cotton Brighter, the cloth surface is smooth, clean and free of yarn or impurities. It feels smooth and crisp, and is more wrinkle-resistant than pure cotton.
Disadvantages: Not as skin-friendly as cotton. Cotton is not as comfortable to wear as pure cotton fabrics.
The advantages of polyester and linen blends
In the past, linen textiles had high yarn density and could only be woven into medium and low-end products. They were only suitable for outerwear, decorative fabrics, etc., and could not reflect the unique advantages of linen textiles such as good moisture absorption, good moisture release, and coolness. Nowadays, polyester fiber is used with Linen fiber blending produces a series of high-end linen blended products suitable for summer inner and outer clothing. What are the characteristics of polyester and linen blended fabrics?
1. Cool to the touch
The flax fiber blending ratio is 35%-40%. The flax fiber coverage rate of the yarn appearance is high, so when the human skin comes into contact with the polyester/linen low-tech yarn After wearing the fabric, the heat on the surface of the human body will be quickly dissipated, making people feel cool.
2. The fabric is light and thin, and the dyeing is bright
The yarn is relatively fine, generally below 20tex (50 tex or more), and can be interwoven alone or with pure or blended yarns of other textile fibers to form ultra-thin fabrics. This product is of high grade, with bright, beautiful and gorgeous dyeing and printing. The fabric is famous for being cool, transparent, thin and refreshing.
3. Good wrinkle resistance
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Due to the fiber characteristics, polyester can be used to improve the wrinkle resistance of flax fiber fabrics and the shortcomings of flax fiber fabrics that are not brightly dyed. The flax fiber can also be used to absorb moisture and The advantage of good moisture release improves the shortcomings of poor moisture absorption and uncomfortable wearing of polyester fabrics.
4． Comfortable to wear and good washability
The proportion of blended polyester and linen yarns and fabrics is moderate. The fabric feels soft, easy to wash and dry, has good plasticity and shape, and does not hold up after washing. The deformed fabric has the same moisture absorption, moisture release and air permeability as pure linen fabric. It is a non-sticky high-end summer inner and outer fabric.
Advantages of polyester and cashmere blends
Wool:polyester=45:55 this The ratio maintains the advantages of wool while bringing out the strengths of polyester. Almost all coarse and worsted wool fabrics have corresponding wool-polyester blended varieties. Among them, worsted wool-polyester thin tweed, also known as cool tweed, is commonly known as Mao Qianliang (Note: Qianliang is the common name for polyester). It is one of the fabrics that best reflects the characteristics of wool-polyester blends.
Compared with all-wool tweed, wool-polyester thin tweed has a lighter texture, good wrinkle recovery, is strong and wear-resistant, easy to wash and quick-dry, and has long-lasting pleats. The size is stable and not easy to be eaten by insects, but the feel is not as soft as full wool. If glossy polyester is used as the raw material for blending, the surface will have a silky luster. If cashmere or camel hair and other animal hairs are used in the blended raw material, the hand feel will be smoother.
Washing instructions: Soak in cold water for 15 minutes, then wash with general synthetic detergent. The temperature of the washing liquid should not exceed 45 degrees Celsius. The collar and cuffs are dirty. You can use a soft brush to scrub the area. After cleaning, you can gently wring it out and place it in a cool and ventilated place to dry. Do not expose it to the sun or dry it to avoid wrinkles due to overcooking.
Advantages of TR fabrics
Polyester-viscose blend is a highly complementary fabric of blends. Polyester and viscose are not only available in cotton and wool types, but also in mid-length types. Wool type fabric is commonly known as “fast bus”. When polyester is not less than 50%, this blended fabric can maintain the characteristics of polyester that are strong, wrinkle-resistant, dimensionally stable, and washable and wearable. The mixing of viscose fiber improves the air permeability of the fabric and improves the resistance to melt holes; it also reduces the pilling and antistatic phenomena of the fabric.
Polyester/viscose blended fabrics mostly use 65/35 or 67/33. The characteristics of this type of blended fabrics are smooth and smooth fabrics, bright colors, and wooly texture. Strong, elastic feel and good hygroscopicity; but poor ironing resistance.
Advantages of TR fabric:
① High strength, short fiber strength is 2.6 ~5.7Cn/dtex, high-strength fiber is 5.6~8.0Cn/dtex. Due to low hygroscopicity, its wet strength and dry strength are basically the same. The impact strength is 4 times higher than nylon and 20 times higher than viscose fiber. times.
② Good elasticity, elasticity is close to wool. When stretched by 5% to 6%, it can almost completely recover, and its wrinkle resistance exceeds other fibers, that is, fabric No wrinkles, good dimensional stability, elastic modulus of 22~141cN/dtex, 2~3 times higher than nylon.
③ Good water absorption.
④ Good wear resistance, second only to nylon with the best wear resistance, and better than other natural fibers and synthetic fibers.
⑤ Good light resistance, second only to acrylic fiber.
⑥ Corrosion-resistant, resistant to bleach, oxidants, alcohols, ketones, petroleum products and inorganic acids, resistant to dilute alkali and not afraid of mildew, but hot alkali It can be broken down.
Conclusion
The advantage of blended fabrics is that through two or more different The organic combination of various types of fibers can complement each other’s strengths and coexist with their advantages to meet people’s different requirements for clothing. Blended fabrics will combine the advantages of two or more raw materials and complement each other to achieve better performance and comfort of the fabric, and also greatly reduce the cost of the product. Through the introduction of polyester and polyester blended fabrics, everyone must have a better understanding of polyester and get to know polyester.
