There are many ways to print patterns on clothes, including screen printing, heat transfer printing, digital direct printing and embroidery. In general, different printing technologies and methods will have different effects. The following is The editor of Weihang Digital introduces these methods of printing patterns on clothes:
1. Screen printing
Screen printing technology is said to have been used more than 2,000 years ago. It has already appeared and originated from China. Screen printing belongs to stencil printing. During printing, the ink is transferred to the clothes through the mesh of the graphic part through the extrusion of the scraper, forming the same graphic and text as the original. It is prepared before printing The mesh frame is a hollow mesh in the patterned areas of the frame, and the mesh is coated in the areas without patterns. During printing, the color paste is scraped through the mesh and printed on the clothes. There will be as many mesh frames as there are colors in the pattern. Put on the colors one by one.
Screen printing process:
Advantages and disadvantages of screen printing:
The main advantages of screen printing are: ① The plate making and printing methods are simple and the equipment is Low investment and low cost. ② It is not limited by the type, size, and shape of the substrate. Screen printing can use inks and coatings with different solvents to adapt to the printing of different types of substrates, and because the screen version is soft, the required printing pressure It is small and can be used for printing on curved surfaces and fragile objects. ③ The printing ink layer is thick, the colors are bright, and the three-dimensional effect and hiding power are strong. It can be used for printing anti-counterfeiting inks such as temperature-changing and fluorescent inks. ④ It is not restricted by inks and diluents. It can print printed materials with strong light resistance, and can also perform liquid crystal printing, magnetic printing and foam printing. ⑤
Screen printing can produce many different processes: glue printing, imitation hot stamping, imitation silver hot stamping, fluorescent printing, imitation release printing, reflective printing, luminous printing, etc.
The main disadvantages of screen printing are: ① It requires plate making, color matching, and proofing in advance. The more colors of the pattern, the more editions required, and the longer the preparation time; ② The printing lines are thick and cannot be Print very fine patterns; ③ The printing level is poor, the highlight parts are difficult to print, and the dark parts are easy to paste; ④ The screen printing durability is low; ⑤ The smaller the production batch, the higher the production cost, the slower the delivery speed, and the It is suitable for single piece or small batch production according to customer requirements, and it is difficult to meet the personalized needs of modern consumers; ⑥ The pattern needs to be washed, and the printed fabric needs a large amount of water washing and soaping to remove floating colors, which not only causes dyes, auxiliaries, Water and energy are wasted, and pollution is serious; ⑦ It requires a special drawing room, plate making room, spacious printing workshop and washing post-processing workshop. The cost of the production plant is high and the investment is large.
2. Heat Transfer printing
The main principle of thermal transfer printing is to sublimate the ink on the paper to the fabric through high temperature and high pressure. It is mainly used for polyester fabrics. The color of the fabric is mainly white, but light colors are also available. Pure cotton Fabrics are not suitable for sublimation because pure cotton fabrics do not absorb ink. And the temperature is high during heat transfer. The temperature has a great impact on the cotton surface, not only the color of the cloth, but also the shrinkage and so on.
Thermal transfer printing process:
Advantages and disadvantages of thermal transfer printing:
The main advantages of thermal transfer printing are: ① It can print extremely fine contours Pattern. The pattern has rich and colorful levels, realistic shapes, and high artistry, which is incomparable with ordinary direct printing methods; ② It is especially suitable for fabrics with large shrinkage and easy deformation: such as knitted fabrics or synthetic fiber textured silk fabrics; ③ No need to be used after sublimation transfer After post-processing, there is no problem of three wastes; ④ The equipment investment is small, the operation is simple and convenient, the authenticity rate is high, the production turnover is fast, and the requirements for fabric pre-treatment are relatively low; ⑤ After the transfer paper is transferred once, there are often 20 residues left -30% dye, therefore, can be reused for the second and third transfers, but the more transferred, the lighter the color.
The main disadvantages of thermal transfer printing are: ① Currently used as dry The dyes used in transfer printing are basically disperse dyes with sublimation properties. So it is suitable for synthetic fibers: polyester, nylon and their blends or their blends with cellulose fibers and protein fibers. But cellulose fibers, The proportion of protein fiber cannot exceed 30%. Among them, polyester has the best transfer effect; ② It is not suitable for direct transfer of pure cotton, regenerated cellulose fiber and pure protein fiber. If you want to transfer, it needs to be processed by layers, but it will affect the feel, Fastness and brightness; ③ The pattern feels a little hard to the touch and has poor air permeability. It will become softer after washing, but the air permeability is still relatively poor; ④ When pulled horizontally, the pattern will have small spots corresponding to the fabric fibers. Cracks. This is caused by the characteristics of thermal transfer itself and cannot be avoided; ⑤ The color of the clothes will change after being pressed at high temperature, such as white will turn yellow. This is caused by the evaporation of the moisture in the clothes; ⑥ Use of thermal transfer Sublimation ink first prints the picture on the transfer paper, and then transfers it to the surface of the medium. There are several difficult problems to solve: color deviation and positioning deviation. The finished picture is also easier to scratch off and has poor firmness. Generally, it needs to be reprinted. Spray a layer of protective film. In addition, transfer printing on special media also requires flexographic printing; ⑦ Skilled printing technicians with many years of experience are required; ⑧ Thermal transfer clothing cannot be printed with multiple arts.
3. Digital direct-injection printing
Digital direct-injection printing simply means inputting images or source files directly into the computer through various digital means, such as scanners, digital cameras, etc., and then editing and modifying them through the printing software system. After that, the required files are formed, and then the direct-injection printing machine is controlled by special RIP software, and the ink (coating, active, acidic, dispersed)The nozzle is used to directly print onto clothes on demand, and then undergo post-processing to obtain clothes printed with high-precision patterns.
The printing process of digital direct inkjet printing:
The advantages and disadvantages of digital direct inkjet printing :
The main advantages of digital direct printing:
①
Simplified work flow and shortened work cycle: The production process of digital printing breaks away from the traditional printing process of color separation, publishing, screen making, printing, drying, etc., thus greatly shortening the production cycle and unlimited quantity. , truly realizing the production process of small batches, multiple varieties, and rapid response; ② Clear images and rich colors: It is very difficult for traditional printing to print more than 10 colors. The digital printing process is controlled by a computer and can achieve 16.7 million colors, a breakthrough There are color registration limitations of traditional printing. Especially in the printing of high-precision patterns such as color gradients and moire, digital printing has unparalleled advantages in technology. Traditional printing patterns are often subject to “flower back”. There are no limitations in the digital printing process, and there is no concept of “flower back” in the digital printing process, which greatly expands the design space of textiles and improves the quality of products; ③
Simple operation and strong stability: the control panel is more friendly, with one-button operation, automatic positioning, precise lifting control and other functions. It makes the operation easy and casual. The whole process is controlled by the computer, and the process is highly automated and is not affected by environmental and wage factors. The pattern is stored in the computer in digital format to ensure the consistency of the printing color; ④
Print on demand and reduce wastage: After inputting the size of the garment piece, you can print only on the cut piece, and the parts other than the cut piece do not need to be printed, which saves dye and simplifies the cutting process; ⑤
To meet the increasing demand for personalization: The emergence of digital printing will satisfy people’s demand for personalization to the greatest extent. The design sample can be modified at will on the computer, fully displaying the design concept of the fashion designer. The effect on the computer screen , is the effect of the fabric pattern after forming. Once the customer is satisfied, it can be directly printed, achieving on-site design and on-site production, so that the clothing can truly be personalized; ⑥
Green and environmentally friendly, reducing noise and reducing pollution: Digital printing is controlled by a computer, and no noise is produced during the printing process. No factory buildings and large equipment are required, and single-person production is completely realized. Because the required ink does not contain chemicals such as color paste elements, realizing a pollution-free green production process; ⑦
The computer automatically memorizes various data in the printing process, and the small sample is exactly the same as the production sample, ensuring the reproducibility of printing; the cost is low and the efficiency is high, printing a T-shirt only costs 0.3 yuan; 8
Meet all traditional printing production needs: anti-hot stamping, anti-hot silver, cold hot stamping, cold hot silver, heat-set right-angle sizing, heat-set right-angle thick plate, heat-set rounded slurry, color discharge printing, color foaming, all in one machine Hand, all printing is worry-free.
(Guangdong Weihang Digital Technology Co., Ltd. specializes in the production of digital direct-injection printing machine manufacturers, three-year warranty, lifetime maintenance, free training on all garment printing processes)
The main disadvantages of digital direct-injection printing: The only disadvantage is that the speed is not fast and the nozzle needs maintenance.
Comparison between digital direct-injection printing, screen printing and thermal transfer printing
IV , Embroidery
Embroidery is a general term for various decorative patterns embroidered by needle and thread on fabrics. Embroidery is divided into silk thread embroidery and feather embroidery. It is to use needles to embroider silk thread or other fibers and yarns in a certain pattern and pattern. Colors are pierced on the embroidery material, and the embroidery traces are used to form decorative fabrics. It is an art that uses needles and threads to add human design and production to any existing fabric. Embroidery is one of the traditional Chinese folk handicrafts. China has a history of at least two to three thousand years. Chinese embroidery mainly includes four categories: Su embroidery, Hunan embroidery, Shu embroidery and Cantonese embroidery. Embroidery techniques include: wrong stitch embroidery, random stitch embroidery, net embroidery, all-over embroidery, lock silk, and Na silk. , Najin, flat gold, shadow gold, plate gold, velvet laying, scraping velvet, yarn stamping, thread sprinkling, cross-stitching, etc. The uses of embroidery mainly include life and art decoration, such as clothing, bedding, tablecloths, stage, art Product decoration.
