The concept of textiles
The so-called textiles (fabrics) are made of textile fibers Products made of yarns that are soft and have certain mechanical properties and thickness. Fabric in the conventional concept is a flexible flat thin substance, which is mostly made of yarns, braids, knots or fibers fixed into a net, that is, the yarns cross each other, are intertwined and tufted, or the fibers are consolidated. Become.
The formation process of textiles
Silk making→ Spinning→ Weaving→ Dyeing and finishing→ Ready-made garments
Silk making:Reeling, dry spinning, wet spinning
Spinning:Cotton spinning, wool spinning, linen spinning, silk spinning
Weaving:Knitting, woven, non-woven
Dyeing and finishing:
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Ready-made garments:Direct garments, indirect garments
Classification of textiles
Based on fiber raw materials
Pure textile fabric: It is a fabric composed of pure yarn spun from a single fiber raw material. Such as pure cotton, pure wool, pure silk, pure linen fabrics and various pure fiber fabrics.
Blended fabric: It is a fabric woven from a single blended yarn. For example, the warp and weft yarns are made of polyester-cotton fabric made of 65/35 polyester-cotton blended yarn.
Interwoven fabric:Interwoven fabric refers to a woven fabric whose warp or weft is made of yarns of different fiber raw materials; or is made of yarns of two or more different raw materials. Knitted fabric made by combining (or spacing) threads.
According to the type of yarn
Yarn fabric: Fabric woven entirely from single yarn.
Thread fabric: A fabric woven entirely from strands.
Half-thread fabric: Refers to a woven fabric made of strands and single yarns for warp and weft threads respectively, or a knitted fabric made of single yarns and strands combined or spaced apart. .
Fancy thread fabric: Fabric woven with various fancy threads.
Filament fabric: Fabric woven from natural silk or synthetic fiber.
According to the yarn bleaching and dyeing process before weaving
Ecru gray fabric:Abbreviated as fabric, it refers to various types of fabrics woven from undyed materials.
Fabrics: Fabrics woven from cotton and its blends.
Silk blank: Fabric woven from natural silk or chemical fiber silk.
Balt: Fabric woven from wool and its blended raw materials.
Towel blank: Towel fabric.
Belt blank: Belt fabric.
Dye or cooked fabric: A variety of fabrics woven from dyed yarns.
According to the dyeing process of fabrics
Bleached fabrics:That is, the fabric obtained from white gray fabric after refining and bleaching.
Dyeing fabric: refers to the fabric obtained after piece dyeing of gray fabric.
Printed fabric: refers to the fabric obtained from white gray fabric after bleaching and printing.
According to fabric finishing
Distressed finishing
Soft washing: Produces natural tarnishing, no shrinkage, and soft hand feel.
Fading washing: Add dye decolorizing agent to the washing liquid to obtain naturally fading fabrics.
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Chemical stone washing: Saturate the decolorizing agent with pumice stone, causing the fabric to come into contact with the stone, causing chemical and mechanical fading.
Sanding finishing: Make the surface of the fabric have a layer of fine, short and uniform fluff, making the fabric feel soft and warm.
Mercerized finishing: Chemical etching is used to create micro-pits on the surface of the fiber, producing a shimmering mercerized finish.
Wrinkle finishing: To make the fabric surface have natural creases, which can be washed without fading
Imitation finishing: The purpose is to make Chemical fiber fabrics have a natural style.
Functional finishing: It can improve the performance of a certain aspect of the fabric to meet special needs.
According to the width of the fabric
With fabric: That is, narrow strips or tubular textiles with a width of 0.3~30cm, or braided threads (belts).
Small fabric: Refers to fabric with a width of about 40cm.
Narrow fabric: Refers to fabrics with a width less than 90cm.
Wide-width fabric: Refers to fabrics with a width greater than 90cm
Double-width fabric: Refers to fabrics with a width of about 150cm
According to the thickness of the fabricWhen the velvet cannot fall off in time during continued wearing, it becomes entangled with each other and is kneaded into many spherical particles, which is usually called “pilling”.
The process of fluffing and pilling:Hairiness → fluffing → entanglement → clustering → tightening into balls → falling off
The effects of fluffing and pilling Factors
Static and dynamic mechanical properties of fibers: high toughness and good fatigue resistance. Fibers are prone to pilling, such as chemical fibers
Fiber morphology and surface properties: rough , special-shaped fibers such as cotton and linen are not easy to pilling
Methods to eliminate pilling
Positive methods: reduce the amount of hairiness and control the bending stiffness of the fiber , increasing the interaction between fibers in fiber aggregates, which can be achieved through spinning, weaving processing techniques and methods, and the use of special-shaped fibers.
Negative methods: reduce the toughness and fatigue resistance of the fiber and accelerate the breakage and shedding of the fiber ball; use bonding, coating and singeing finishing to reduce the generation and amount of hairiness.
Dimensional stability of fabrics
Definition :The dimensional stability of a fabric refers to its ability to resist dimensional changes after being soaked or washed and when exposed to higher temperatures.
Shrinkage of fabrics
Definition: The ability of fabrics to shrink in length and width after being immersed in normal temperature water or washed and dried is called shrinkage, or “shrinkage” for short.
Main factors affecting fabric shrinkage
Hygroscopicity of fiber
Tightness of yarn and fabric structure
Tension during fabric processing
Temperature
Methods to reduce fabric shrinkage: heat preshrinking, fabric or garment washing
Uneven shrinkage and distortion of fabrics
Definition: Fabrics in normal condition Or after the action of heat and moisture, the shrinkage performance in the warp and weft directions or local areas is called the shrinkage non-uniformity of the fabric.
Elimination of uneven shrinkage and distortion of fabrics
Increase the storage time of fabrics
Additional heat setting
Comfort of fabrics
Comfort is the physiological feeling of the human body to the fabric, which is often characterized by the discomfort of the human body to the fabric. Feeling is evaluation.
The comfort of fabrics includes: permeability, heat and moisture comfort, itching, static electricity and moisture and cold irritation, etc.
Itching property of fabrics
Itching property generally refers to The hairiness on the surface of the fabric causes pricking pain, light pricking, scraping, and friction on the skin, causing people to have a comprehensive feeling of “prickly and itchy”, and often “itching” is the main feeling.
Electrostatic stimulation of fabrics
When people wear chemical fiber fabrics and are in a relatively dry environment , when taking off clothes, when the clothes rub against other objects or people, a discharge phenomenon occurs, which can cause physical discomfort, nervousness, and even electric shock pain. This effect is called electrostatic discharge or shock stimulation, or electrostatic stimulation for short.
Fabric safety
Fabric safety Fire protection and flame retardant function
Fire retardant fabric
Flame retardant fabric
Biochemical protection of fabrics
Biological protection
Chemical protection
Physical protection of fabrics
Thermal protection
Light radiation Protection
Electromagnetic radiation protection
High energy radiation protection
How to identify fabric
The feel of fabric is an important aspect that people use to identify the quality of fabric. Specifically, the psychological response to the feeling of touching the fabric with your hands is different due to the different varieties and quality of the fabrics. The hand feeling effect of the fabrics is also very different. The hand feel has the following aspects:
Whether the fabric body is stiff or loose
The smoothness or roughness of the fabric surface
Softness and Hardness of Fabrics
Thinness and Thickness of Fabrics
Coldness and Strength of Fabrics Warm
The fabric has irritating and non-irritating feelings to the skin
In addition, people can also use the force to stretch it with their hands. , scratching and other movements, and then through eye observation and hand feeling, the elasticity, strength, wrinkle resistance and fiber type of the fabric can be judged. But in general, feel is the most important factor when purchasing fabrics and clothing.
