Fabric properties and influencing factors
Fabrics have dual properties, namely usefulness and decoration. The usefulness of fabrics includes two aspects: applicability and fastness. Usefulness refers to the requirement that a certain fabric must be suitable for a certain purpose. For example, generally speaking, clothing fabrics should have properties such as warmth retention, breathability, and wearing comfort, while underwear fabrics should be soft and hygroscopic, and non-irritating to the human body. Summer clothing fabrics should be easy to dissipate heat and moisture. , bed fabrics should be soft and hygroscopic. Any fabric should have a certain degree of fastness, including stretch, abrasion resistance, tearing, bursting, etc. These requirements vary with the use of the fabric. For example, outerwear fabrics have higher requirements for stretch, wear resistance, tearing, etc., while underwear fabrics have less demanding requirements. The requirements for fastness also vary with social development and the objects being worn. The decorative nature of fabrics is reflected in the appearance and feel, that is, the visual characteristics and tactile characteristics of the fabric. These two aspects contain rich content. In terms of appearance, the surface of the fabric is flat or wrinkled, full or thin, whether the fabric surface is soft or harsh, whether the pattern of the fabric is beautiful, whether the color is bright or elegant, etc. If you are more specific, you can see, for example, whether the grain of poplin is full and clear, whether the grain of twill fabric is straight, whether the pile on the surface of suede fabric is tight and flat, etc. The feel of fabrics also has rich content, for example, whether it feels smooth or rough, stiff or soft, smooth or waxy, rich or light, etc. The style characteristics of the fabric are formed by combining the appearance and feel of the fabric. In other words, the style characteristics of the fabric fully reflect the decorative nature of the fabric. Various fabrics have their own style characteristics. For example, silk style, cotton style, etc. Not only do large categories of fabrics have certain style characteristics, but each specific variety also has its own style characteristics. For example, plain cloth, poplin, etc. From the above, it can be seen that the performance of fabrics includes two aspects: usefulness and decoration, that is, the use performance and style characteristics of fabrics. When studying the structure of fabrics, especially when performing fabric design and process calculations, the dual properties of fabrics must be taken into consideration. The dual properties of fabrics are determined and affected by many factors. These factors include: the nature of fiber raw materials, the structure and linear density of spinning yarns, the organization of fabrics and the density of warp and weft yarns, the geometric structure of warp and weft yarns in the fabric, the process parameters of weaving and finishing, the color and pattern of the fabric, and the texture of the fabric. Printing, dyeing and finishing, etc.
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