Modern clothing fabrics, new products emerge in endlessly, and technology is changing with each passing day. But everything remains the same. As long as we master some basic knowledge about fabrics, we can quickly distinguish the advantages and disadvantages of clothing and judge whether it can meet the needs of use. Clothing fabrics are made of fibers through spinning, weaving, dyeing, finishing and other processes. Today we will start from the source and take a look at some basic knowledge about clothing fibers.
1. Natural fiber
1.1 Plant fiber: From plant stems, roots, fruits, and husks Get fiber.
1.1.1 Cotton: common Cotton and kapok are single-cell fibers obtained from plant seeds.
The advantage is that it is friendly Soft to the skin, moisture-absorbent and breathable, with good warmth retention properties. The disadvantage is that it is easy to wrinkle, deform and shrink.
1.1.2 Hemp: Commonly found are flax, ramie, etc., which are bast fibers obtained from plant stems.
The advantage is that It has natural luster, good color fastness, UV resistance, and its own mildew resistance. It feels very cool when worn and does not stick to the body when sweating. The disadvantages are that it feels rough, is less comfortable to wear than cotton, and is easy to shrink and wrinkle.
1.2 Animal Fiber: Fiber obtained from animal hair or secretions. The main component is protein.
1.2.1 silk: common Mulberry silk, tussah silk, is a continuous long fiber formed by solidifying the silk liquid secreted by mature silkworms when they spin cocoons. Silk is also the longest natural fiber, reaching more than 10 meters in length.
The advantage is gloss Good, soft and smooth, good hygroscopicity, and has a certain nourishing effect on the skin. The disadvantages are poor fastness, easy to snag and rot, easy to generate static electricity, poor anti-bacterial and insect-proof properties, and difficult to take care of.
1.2.2 Wool: Commonly found are wool, rabbit hair, camel hair, yak hair, etc., which are fibers obtained from animal hair.
The advantage is warmth Good sex, good elasticity, good hygroscopicity, antistatic. The disadvantages are that it has poor antibacterial and insect-proof properties, is prone to yellowing, pilling and shrinkage, and is difficult to take care of.
1.3 Mineral Fiber: Fibers obtained from rock minerals are generally used in industry, so I won’t go into details here.
2. Man-made fibers
2.1 Regenerated fiber: Using natural cellulose (bamboo, tree, shrub, etc.) as raw material, without changing its chemical structure, only changing the physical structure of natural cellulose, thereby creating regenerated fiber with better performance Vegetarian fiber.
2.1.1 Viscose fiber: It is mainly produced by separating and regenerating natural cellulose from cotton pulp and wood pulp through chemical reactions.
The advantage is moisture absorption It has good properties, antistatic, antibacterial, easy to dye, skin-friendly and soft, moisture-absorbing and breathable. The disadvantages are poor elasticity, not resistant to washing, easy to wrinkle, poor resilience, heavier weight, and greater production pollution.
2.1.2 Cupro fiber: It is a naturally degradable regenerated fiber extracted from cotton lint.
The advantage is moisture absorption Breathable, antistatic, high strength, silky texture, good drape. The disadvantages are low output, high price, and not acid resistant.
2.1.3 Acetate fiber: a man-made fiber made from acetic acid and cellulose through an esterification reaction.
The advantage is moisture absorption Breathable, antistatic, good resilience, soft and smooth, and its physical properties are close to mulberry silk. The disadvantage is that the price is higher and you need to pay attention to the washing method.
2.2 Chemical Fiber: From coal, The polymer compounds extracted from petroleum change their molecular structure through a series of chemical reactions to obtain usable fibers.
2.2.1 Polyester: also known as Made of polyester fiber.
The advantage is resistance to Mildew and antibacterial, good wrinkle resistance, strong and durable, high strength, good light resistance. The disadvantages are poor moisture absorption and breathability, easy pilling, and difficult to dye.
2.2.2 Nylon: Also known as nylon, polyamide fiber.
The advantage is resistance to Mildew and antibacterial, good wear resistance, light weight, good elasticity and resilience, and resistant to sunlight. The disadvantages are poor hygroscopicity, easy to wrinkle, and poor heat resistance.
2.2.3 Acrylic: Also known as polyacrylonitrile.
The advantage is flexibility Good, good warmth retention and high strength. The disadvantages are poor hygroscopicity, poor heat resistance, and no alkali resistance.
2.2.4 Polypropylene: Also known as polypropylene fiber.
The advantage is weight It is light, can float on the water, has a small thermal conductivity, strong warmth retention, obvious moisture absorption and perspiration effect, and good elasticity. The disadvantages are poor light resistance, easy to age, not resistant to high temperatures, and cannot be ironed.
2.2.5 Spandex: Also known as polyurethane, it is an elastic fiber. Spandex is usually not used alone but is blended with other yarns.
The advantage is elasticity Large, good shape retention. The disadvantages are poor performance, poor hygroscopic strength, and easy to break.
Mildew and antibacterial, good wear resistance, light weight, good elasticity and resilience, and resistant to sunlight. The disadvantages are poor hygroscopicity, easy to wrinkle, and poor heat resistance.
2.2.3 Acrylic: Also known as polyacrylonitrile.
The advantage is flexibility Good, good warmth retention and high strength. The disadvantages are poor hygroscopicity, poor heat resistance, and no alkali resistance.
2.2.4 Polypropylene: Also known as polypropylene fiber.
The advantage is weight It is light, can float on the water, has a small thermal conductivity, strong warmth retention, obvious moisture absorption and perspiration effect, and good elasticity. The disadvantages are poor light resistance, easy to age, not resistant to high temperatures, and cannot be ironed.
2.2.5 Spandex: Also known as polyurethane, it is an elastic fiber. Spandex is usually not used alone but is blended with other yarns.
The advantage is elasticity Large, good shape retention. The disadvantages are poor performance, poor hygroscopic strength, and easy to break.
